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Prosody Notation

PROSODY GRID

Word Stress

HEllo / goodBYE / intoNAtion

All words in English with more than one syllable have a stressed syllable. If the word has many syllables there could even be a secondary stress for the word. This stress does not change even as prosody is applied.

The reason that stress is important and inflexible is that words are strongly identified and recognised via their basic stress pattern.

Some words even change meaning with different stress, compare the many nouns like REport, DEfect, INvalid with verbs & adjectives rePORT, deFECT, inVALid.



Guide to Feedback

Positive Feedback

  • Good pitch
    Your pitch for the word was correct. That could mean it was either top, middle or bottom row - depending on the requirement.
  • Good pause
    You paused adequately in the correct place.
  • Good UP word intonation
    Your intonation of the word correctly rose as you said it.
  • Good DOWN word intonation
    Your intonation of the word correctly fell as you said it.
  • Good UP-DOWN word intonation
    Your intonation of the word correctly rose then fell as you said it.
  • Good UP-DOWN-UP word intonation
    Your intonation of the word correctly rose then fell then rose as you said it.
  • Good DOWN-UP word intonation
    Your intonation of the word correctly fell then rose as you said it.
  • Well shortened
    You correctly shortened the word by saying it faster, probably using weak forms.
  • Well lengthened
    You extended the word to add emphasis
  • Good extra volume
    You made the word louder as requested
  • Good weak form
    You used the weak form pronunciation of the word correctly.
  • Good linking
    You linked the two words in a natural way.

Need to Improve Feedback

  • Need to modulate mid-pitch words
    Remember that mid-pitch words do not all use the same pitch, giving the impression that the section is flat. Instead the voice should fluctuate within the mid-pitch range to give interest and clarity to your words.
  • Pause needed
    A pause was requested here.
  • Need up pitch
    You needed a higher pitch - do this by speaking more from the top of your chest/bottom of neck.
  • Need down pitch
    You needed a lower pitch - do this by speaking more from the bottom of your chest/top of your stomach.
  • Need UP word intonation
    You need to raise the intonation of the word as you say it. Try lifting your chin as you say the word.
  • Need DOWN word intonation
    You need to lower the intonation of the word as you say it. Try lowering your chin as you say the word.
  • Need UP-DOWN word intonation
    You need to raise and then lower the intonation of the word as you say it. Try lifting your chin and then lowering it as you say the word.
  • Need UP-DOWN-UP word intonation
    You need to raise and then lower and then raise again the intonation of the word as you say it. Try lifting your chin, then lowering it and then raising it again as you say the word.
  • Need DOWN-UP word intonation
    You need to lower and then raise the intonation of the word as you say it. Try lowering your chin and then raising it again as you say the word.
  • Needs to be short
    The word needed to be shortened. To do this we use 'weak forms' which need less articulation and allow you to say them faster.
  • Needs to be long
    The word needed to be longer - do this by 'holding' and continuing the sound.
  • Needs to be loud
    The word needed to be louder - do this by increasing the energy of the word as you say it.
  • No pause before
    You paused at an incorrect place. Incorrect pausing can either change the focus or meaning of the sentence - or worse can impede understanding completely.
  • Pitch too high
    The pitch you have used is too high - to lower your pitch try speaking that word closer to your stomach.
  • Pitch too low
    The pitch you have used is too low - to raise your pitch try speaking that word closer to your neck.
  • Need FLATTER word intonation
    You have used too much intonation with this word. However in the modelled sentence the word had a flatter intonation.
  • Incorrect shortening
    The word modelled here was not shortened - possibly because the speaker wanted to give some focus to it in the sentence.
  • Incorrect lengthening
    The word modelled here was not lengthened - remember lengthening may emphasize a word and change the meaning, or focus, of a sentence.
  • Too loud
    The word modelled here was not loud - remember increasing volume may emphasize a word and change the meaning, or focus, of a sentence.
  • Incorrect linking
    The word modelled here did not use linking - possibly because the speaker wanted to focus on it and not 'finish it' as soon as possible.
  • Incorrect Intonation
    The intonation used with this word was not as modelled.
  • Used Up Intonation
    You used an UP intonation instead of the intonation indicated.
  • Used Down Intonation
    You used an DOWN intonation instead of the intonation indicated.
  • Used UpDown Intonation
    You used an UpDown intonation instead of the intonation indicated.
  • Used DownUp Intonation
    You used an DownUp intonation instead of the intonation indicated.
  • Used UpDownUp Intonation
    You used an UpDownUp intonation instead of the intonation indicated.
  • Weak form needed
    A weak form was indicated but you must have used the full pronunciation form.
  • Link needed
    The model indicated a link between two words which unfortunately you did not use.


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